Iwao Yamawaki

Bauhaus Student is a small black and white photograph by the Japanese photographer Iwao Yamawaki. Taken from a low viewpoint, a young woman is shown against a light monochrome background. Daylight enters the frame from top left and lights up her face and arms, which are in sharp focus. Her facial features are relaxed and open and she wears a thin dark band around her left wrist. She holds her hands behind her head so that her arms bend at the elbows. Although the fabric of her clothes occupies almost half of the picture, it is out of focus.

This photograph was taken by Yamawaki between 1930 and 1932 in Dessau and produced as a gelatin silver print on paper. The title of this and related photographs is a straightforward description of its subject. This is consistent with the tenets of the New Vision (Neue Shen), which was promoted by László Moholy-Nagy (1895–1946), whom Yamawaki greatly admired. Moholy-Nagy was a teacher at the Bauhaus, a school of art, design and architecture established by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar in 1919 (subsequently moving to Dessau in 1925–6). Yamawaki and his wife Michiko enrolled as students at the Dessau Bauhaus in 1930. Initially attending the Preliminary Course with Josef Albers and Wassily Kandinsky, Yamawaki studied architecture before switching course to study photography with Walter Peterhans. His photographs of the period document the buildings, objects and activities of the Dessau Bauhaus and other modernist architecture. On 2 March 1931 he wrote to an undisclosed recipient:

Aside from my profession as architect, I have for a while been frequenting the Bauhaus printing workshop, something I had taken an interest in back in Japan. But, since it is not my speciality, the job is too big for me.
(Quoted in Yamawaki 1985, p.63.)

However, this did not prevent Yamawaki from producing architectural photographs and portraits, as well as photographs of furniture and objects. It is not known how many photographs Yamawaki took during this period but there are ten examples in Tate’s collection (Tate P13184; P79892–P79899; P79914).

Yamawaki studied architecture at the Tokyo School of Arts (1921–6) and worked as an architect while following the activities of the Bauhaus in Japanese architectural journals. Articles such as ‘State Bauhaus’ and ‘Bauhaus Postscripts’ by Nakata Teinosuke, who had visited the Weimar Bauhaus, began to appear in print in Japan in 1924 and Yamawaki was stimulated by their ideas (Yamawaki 1985, p.56). In 1931 and 1932, while studying at the school, Yamawaki travelled to Berlin, Amsterdam and Moscow to photograph examples of modernist design and architecture. The photographs he made on these visits were initially used to illustrate the articles he published in Japanese architecture journals.

The importance of the Bauhaus for Yamawaki can be sensed in the tone of his report, on 4 September 1932, of its imminent closure: ‘The Gropius Bauhaus is now like a forgotten piece of work; it has submitted to stretching its huge corpse in the suburbs of Dessau’ (Yamawaki 1985, p.67). In October 1932 his photomontage The Blow Against the Bauhaus was removed from exhibition for fear of Nazi reprisals.

Further reading
Iwao Yamawaki, ‘Reminiscences of Dessau’, Design Issues, vol.2, no.2, Autumn 1985, pp.56–68.
Iwao Yamawaki, Karl Lagerfeld and Ingrid Sischy, Iwao Yamawaki, Göttingen 1999.

Beth Williamson
April 2016

Supported by Christie’s.